Exercise 1 (Mean and SD):
Inhaled insulin has been developed to reduce the number of insulin injections, and the efficacy of the inhaled insulin is currently compared with conventional insulin injection therapy.
The following data show changes in HbA1c levels between pre- and post-treatment of inhaled insulin and conventional insulin injection, respectively.
Calculate mean and standard deviation of HbA1c levels, and compare the efficacy of inhaled insulin with that of insulin injection.
（Inhaled insulin in diabetes mellitus (Cochrane Review).
In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ）
Exercise 2 (Combining significance levels):
Data shows only P values of comparison studies between the long-acting calcium inhibitor and other anti-hypertensive agents (diuretics, β-blockers, and ACE inhibitors) when myocardial infarction was considered as the event.
Analyze the data by incorporating P values of the studies.
(Pahor M et al.: Lancet 2000; 356: 1949-54.)
Exercise 3 (Pooled Correlation coefficients)
Correlation coefficients data of 6 studies, which investigated the relation between drug abuse and crimes, are shown below.
Analyze the data by incorporating correlation coefficients of the studies.
(Data from META manual, by Ralph Schwarzer)
